Chlorogenic acid
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Molecular Structure
Detailed Description
Chlorogenic acid Chlorogenic acid is a phenolic natural product isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants, including the coffee bean. The ester of caffeic acid with quinic acid, is one of the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet with coffee, fruits and vegetables as its major sources. Its antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties have been well established in animal studies
Chemical properties
Structurally, chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the ester formed between caffeic acid and (L)-quinic aicd(1L-1(OH),3,4/5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid). Isomerisation of the quinic acid in position 3, (3-CQA), 4 (4-CQA) and 5 (5-CQA). Isomerisation at position 1 has not yet been reported. Isomers of chlorogenic acid are found in potatoes. They are 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (crypto-chlorogenic acid), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid(neo-chlorogenic acid), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid
biological properties
The biological properties of chlorogenic acid depend on its absorption in the gut and on its metabolism. Although the bioavailabilities of caffeic and ferulic acids have been investigated in several studies little is known about the bioavailability of chlorogenic acid. In rats and humans, chlorogenic acid ingested as a pure compound or in coffee has not been detected or found only as traces in urine. This was attributed to a poor absorption of chlorogenic acid through the small intestine barrier. Chlorogenic acid was also shown to be metabolized by the gut microflora into various aromatic acid metabolites including m-coumaric acid and derivatives of phenylpropionic and benzoic acids. These microbial metabolites may contribute to explaining the biological properties of polyphenols poorly absorbed in the gut such as chlorogenic acid. However, their importance has seldom been assessed in vivo
Biological importance
- Chlorogenic acid
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