Title: Calcitonin
CAS Registry Number: 9007-12-9
Synonyms: Thyrocalcitonin; TCA; TCT
Literature References: Calcium regulating hormone secreted from the mammalian thyroid gland and in non-mammalian species from the ultimobranchial gland. Postulation of a plasma-calcium lowering substance: Copp
et al., Endocrinology 70, 638 (1962). Recognition as a hormone: Hirsch
et al., ibid. 73, 244 (1963); of thyroid origin: Foster
et al., Nature 202, 1303 (1964). Over-all action is to oppose the bone and renal effects of parathyroid hormone,
q.v.; inhibits bone resorption of Ca2+, with accompanying hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia and decreased urinary Ca2+ concentrations. Also abolishes the osteolytic effect of toxic doses of vitamins A and D. Calcitonin is highly active biologically,
e.g. 50 mg/min infused into a 100 g rat leads to a significant (1 mg/100 ml) decrease in the concn of the plasma calcium within 60 min (together with a corresponding fall in plasma phosphate). Activity is destroyed by trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, polyphenol oxidase; also by hydrogen peroxide oxidation, photooxidation, and treatment with
N-bromosuccinimide. Calcitonin structures are single polypeptide chains containing 32 amino acid residues. Structure of porcine: Neher
et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 51, 917 (1968); Potts
et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 59, 1321 (1968); Bell
et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90, 2704 (1968);
eidem, Biochemistry 9, 1665 (1970). Synthesis of porcine: Rittel
et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 51, 924 (1968); Guttmann
et al., ibid. 1155. Isoln of human calcitonin from non-pathological thyroid glands: Haymovits, Rosen,
Endocrinology 81, 993 (1967); from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid: Neher
et al., Nature 220, 984 (1968);
Helv. Chim. Acta 51, 1738 (1968); Neher, Riniker,
DE 1929957 (1970 to Ciba),
C.A. 73, 28902b (1970). Structure of human: Neher
et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 51, 1900 (1968). Synthesis of human: Sieber
et al., ibid. 2057; J. Hirt
et al., Rec. Trav. Chim. 98, 143 (1979). Biosynthetic studies: J. W. Jacobs
et al., J. Biol. Chem. 254, 10600 (1979); S. G. Amara
et al., ibid. 255, 2645 (1980). Amino acid sequence differs among mammalian species, salmon calcitonin showing a marked difference from that of the higher vertebrae as well as a more potent biological activity. Mechanism of action: E. M. Brown, G. D. Aurbach,
Vitam. Horm. 38, 236 (1980). Anorectic activity in rats: W. J. Freed
et al., Science 206, 850 (1979). Growth inhibition of human breast cancer cells
in vitro: Y. Iwasaki
et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 110, 235 (1983). Review of early literature: Munson, Hirsch,
Clin. Orthop. 49, 209 (1966). Review of isoln, structure, synthesis: Behrens, Grinnan,
Annu. Rev. Biochem. 38, 83 (1969); Potts
et al., Vitam. Horm. 29, 41 (1971). Comprehensive review:
Calcitonin, Proc. Symp. on Thyrocalcitonin and the C Cells, S. Taylor, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1968); Foster
et al., "Calcitonin" in
Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism, I. MacIntyre, Ed. (W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1972) pp 93-124. Review of pharmacology and therapeutic use: J. C. Stevenson, I. M. A. Evans,
Drugs 21, 257-272 (1981).
Derivative Type: Calcitonin, porcine
CAS Registry Number: 12321-44-7
Trademarks: Calcitar(e) (RPR); Staporos (Cassenne)
Derivative Type: Calcitonin, human synthetic
CAS Registry Number: 21215-62-3
Trademarks: Cibacalcin (Novartis)
Derivative Type: Calcitonin, salmon synthetic
CAS Registry Number: 47931-85-1
Synonyms: Salcatonin
Trademarks: Calciben (Firma); Calcimar (RPR); Calsyn (RPR); Calsynar (RPR); Catonin (Magis); Karil (Novartis); Miacalcic (Novartis); Miacalcin (Novartis); Miadenil (Francia); Osteocalcin (Tosi); Prontocalcin (Domp?; Rulicalcin (HMR); Salmotonin (Yamanouchi); Stalcin (Locatelli); Tonocalcin (Searle)
Literature References: Clinical trial in postmenopausal osteoporosis: C. H. Chesnut
et al., Am. J. Med. 109, 267 (2000). LC determn in biological fluids: M. Aguiar
et al.,
J. Chromatogr. B 818, 301 (2005).
Properties: See also Elcatonin.
Therap-Cat: Calcium regulator.
Keywords: Calcium Regulator.
