Title: Parathyroid Hormone
CAS Registry Number: 9002-64-6
CAS Name: Parathormone
Synonyms: PTH
Literature References: Regulatory factor in the homeostatic control of calcium and phosphate metabolism, its principal sites of activity being the skeleton, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. Prime function is to raise plasma calcium concns. Acts synergistically with vitamin D3,
q.v. except in the kidneys where the latter causes phosphate retention. Secretion from the parathyroid gland varies inversely with serum Ca2+ concentrations, unlike calcitonin,
q.v., which is secreted in direct proportion to serum calcium levels. Structure consists of a single-chain polypeptide of 84 amino acid residues. Sequence varies slightly among mammalian species. Sequence of bovine PTH: Niall
et al., Z. Physiol. Chem. 351, 1586 (1970); Brewer, Ronan,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 67, 1862 (1970). Sequence of porcine PTH: O'Riordan
et al., Proc. R. Soc. Med. 64, 1263 (1971). Isoln of human PTH from parathyroid adenomas: O'Riordan
et al., Endocrinology 89, 234 (1971). Fragment exhibiting full biological activity consists of about 35 amino acid residues from the
N-terminal: Potts
et al. in
Parathyroid Hormone and Thyrocalcitonin (Calcitonin), R. V. Talmage, L. F. Belanger, Eds. (Excerpta Medica, New York, 1968) p 44;
see in entirety for review and special studies. Synthesis of active bovine fragment: Potts
et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 63 (1971); of human PTH (1-38): S. Funakoshi
et al., Pept. Chem. 18, 223 (1980). Reviews of early literature: Potts
et al., Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 22, 101 (1966); Arnaud
et al., Annu. Rev. Physiol. 29, 349 (1967).
Reviews: Behrens, Grinnan,
Annu. Rev. Biochem. 38, 83 (1969); Auerbach
et al., Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 28, 353 (1972); Parsons, Potts, "Physiology and Chemistry of Parathyroid Hormone" in
Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism I. MacIntyre, Ed. (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1972) pp 33-78. Biosynthetic review: J. F. Habener
et al., Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 33, 249 (1977).
NOTE: Aqueous solns of the active principles of bovine parathyroid gland have been used under the names:
Parathorm (Hormone-Chemie) ,
Para-thor-mone (Lilly) ,
Paroidin (Parke-Davis) .
Therap-Cat: Blood calcium regulator.
Keywords: Calcium Regulator.
