Title: Lutetium
CAS Registry Number: 7439-94-3
Synonyms: Lutecium
Literature References: Lu; at. wt 174.967; at. no. 71; valence 3. A lanthanide; belongs to the yttrium group of rare earth metals. Naturally occurring isotopes (mass numbers): 175 (97.41%); 176 (2.59%), radioactive, T? 3.59 ′ 1010 years, b- emitter. Known artificial radioactive isotopes: 151; 153-174; 177-181. Abundance in earth's crust: 0.75-0.8 ppm. Occurs in xenotime, gadolinite and other rare earth minerals. Discovered independently: Urbain,
Compt. Rend. 145, 759 (1907);
146, 406 (1908);
152, 141 (1911); and called
cassiopeium: von Welsbach,
Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 1907, 468;
idem, Monatsh. Chem. 29, 181 (1908);
30, 695 (1909). Isoln in form of salt: Prandtl,
Z. Anorg. Chem. 238, 321 (1938); Marsh,
J. Chem. Soc. 1952, 4804. Sepn by ion exchange: Spedding
et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 2557 (1954). Toxicity study: Haley,
J. Pharm. Sci. 54, 663 (1965). Reviews of prepn, properties and compds:
The Rare Earths, F. H. Spedding, A. H. Daane, Eds. (Krieger, Huntington, N.Y., 1971, reprint of 1961 ed.) 641 pp; Hulet, Bode, "Separation Chemistry of the Lanthanides and Transplutonium Actinides" in
MTP Int. Rev. Sci.: Inorg. Chem., Ser. One vol. 7, K. W. Bagnall, Ed. (University Park Press, Baltimore, 1972) pp 1-45; Moeller, "The Lanthanides" in
Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry vol. 4, J. C. Bailar, Jr.
et al., Eds. (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973) pp 1-101; F. H. Spedding in
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 19 (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 3rd ed., 1982) pp 833-854;
Chemistry of the Elements, N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Eds. (Pergamon Press, New York, 1984) pp 1423-1449. Brief review of properties: G. T. Seaborg,
Radiochim. Acta 61, 115-122 (1993).
Properties: Silvery-white metal. Hexagonal close-packed crystals, d 9.8404. mp 1663°. bp 3402°. Heat of fusion: 18.65 kJ/mol. Heat of sublimation (25°): 427.6 kJ/mol.
Melting point: mp 1663°
Boiling point: bp 3402°
Density: d 9.8404
Derivative Type: Oxide
Molecular Formula: Lu2O3
Molecular Weight: 397.93
Percent Composition: Lu 87.94%, O 12.06%
Properties: Cubic crystals.
Derivative Type: Chloride
Molecular Formula: LuCl3
Molecular Weight: 281.33
Percent Composition: Lu 62.19%, Cl 37.81%
Properties: Colorless crystals. Sublimes above 750°. mp 892 ±2°; sol in water. LD50 in mice: 315 mg/kg i.p.; 7.1 g/kg orally (Haley).
Melting point: mp 892 ±2°
Toxicity data: LD50 in mice: 315 mg/kg i.p.; 7.1 g/kg orally (Haley)
Derivative Type: Sulfate
Molecular Formula: Lu2(SO4)3
Molecular Weight: 638.12
Percent Composition: Lu 54.84%, S 15.07%, O 30.09%
Properties: Octahydrate, soly in water (g/100 g): 42.27 (20°); 16.93 (40°).
