Quick pain-killer Corticosteroids
Cure respiratory tract inflammation such as asthma and rhinitis
CAS: 50-22-6
EINECS No.: 200-019-6
Molecular Formula: C21H30O4
Molecular Weight: 346.46
Appearance: White to light yellow powder
Product Implementation Quality Standard: Enterprise Standard
Usage: pharmaceutical material and intermediate,
Steroid hormone.
keywords: Corticosteroid,glucocorticoid,synthetic mineralocorticoid
Function: Corticosteroids,also called glucocorticoids or just"steroids",are powerful drugs that can quickly reduce inflammation and pain. To maximize benefits,
but minimize potential side effects,
corticosteroids are usually prescribed in low doses or for short durations.
Corticosteroids are a class of chemicals that includes the steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.
Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiological processes,including stress response,immune response,and regulation of inflammation,carbohydrate metabolism,protein catabolism,blood electrolyte levels,and behavior.
Medical uses
Synthetic pharmaceutical drugs with corticosteroid-like effects are used in a variety of conditions,ranging from brain tumors to skin diseases. Dexamethasone and its derivatives are almost pure glucocorticoids,while prednisone and its derivatives have some mineralocorticoid action in addition to the glucocorticoid effect. Fludrocortisone(Florinef)is a synthetic mineralocorticoid. Hydrocortisone (cortisol)is available for replacement therapy,e.g.in adrenal insufficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Synthetic glucocorticoids are used in the treatment of joint pain or inflammation (arthritis),temporal arteritis,dermatitis, allergic reactions,asthma,hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus,inflammatory bowel disease(ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease),sarcoidosis and for glucocorticoid replacement in Addison's disease or other forms of adrenal insufficiency. Topical formulations are also available for the skin
,eyes(uveitis),lungs(asthma),nose(rhinitis),
and bowels. Corticosteroids are also used supportively to prevent nausea,often in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists(e.g.ondansetron).
Typical undesired effects of glucocorticoids present quite uniformly as drug-induced Cushing's syndrome. Typical mineralocorticoid side-effects are hypertension(abnormally high blood pressure)
,hypokalemia(low potassium levels in the blood),hypernatremia(high sodium levels in the blood)without causing peripheral edema,
metabolic alkalosis and connective tissue weakness. There may also be impaired wound healing or ulcer formation because of the immunosuppressive effects.
Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that corticosteroids can cause permanent eye damage by inducing central serous retinopathy(CSR,also known as central serous chorioretinopathy,CSC). A variety of steroid medications,from anti-allergy nasal sprays(Nasonex,Flonase)to topical skin creams,to eye drops(Tobradex),to prednisone have been implicated in the development of CSR.
Corticosteroids have been widely used in treating people with traumatic brain injury. A systematic review identified 20 randomised controlled trials and included 12,303 participants,then compared patients who received corticosteroids with patients who received no treatment. The authors recommended people with traumatic head injury should not be routinely treated with corticosteroids.
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