Title: Water
CAS Registry Number: 7732-18-5
Synonyms: Hydrogen oxide
Molecular Formula: H2O
Molecular Weight: 18.02
Percent Composition: H 11.19%, O 88.79%
Literature References: Reviews: N. E. Dorsey,
Properties of Ordinary Water-Substance, A.C.S. Monograph Series no.
81, (Reinhold, New York, 1940) 673 pp; D. Eisenberg, W. Kauzmann,
The Structure and Properties of Water (Oxford University Press, New York, 1969) 296 pp; Ebsworth
et al., in
Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry vol. 2, J. C. Bailar, Jr.
et al., Eds. (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973) pp 741-747.
Pyrogen-free water (water for injection) is distilled water rendered free of fever-producing proteins (bacteria and their metabolic products). Method of prepn: Ishizuka
et al., C.A. 49, 15177 (1955).
Properties: Liquid. Temp of max density 3.98°. d3.98 1.000000 g/ml (0.999972 g/cc). d425 0.997. d0 (ice) 0.917 g/cc; d40 (liq) 0.999868. Density tables: Bigg,
Br. J. Appl. Phys. 18, 521 (1967); Kell,
J. Chem. Eng. Data 12, 66 (1967). Expands on freezing. mp 0°. bp 100°. One liter satd vapor weighs 0.5974 g at 100° and 760 mm. Crit temp 374.2°; crit pressure 218 atm. Sp. heat (liq; 14°) 1.000 cal/g/°C. Latent heat of fusion: 1.436 kcal/mole. Latent heat of vaporization: 9.717 kcal/mole.
nD20 1.3330. Dielectric const (0°) 87.740. Dipole moment (25°) in benzene 1.76; in dioxane 1.86. Ionization const for pure water only: K (25°) 1.008′10-14; at moderate concn of solutes (e.g. 1.0
M KOH): K (25°) 0.971′10-14. The most universal solvent known.
Melting point: mp 0°
Boiling point: bp 100°
Index of refraction: nD20 1.3330
Density: d3.98 1.000000 g/ml (0.999972 g/cc); d425 0.997; d0 (ice) 0.917 g/cc; d40 (liq) 0.999868
