Title: Erythromycin
CAS Registry Number: 114-07-8
Synonyms: E-Base; E-Mycin; Erythromycin A
Trademarks: Aknemycin (Hermal); Aknin (Lichtenstein); Emgel (GSK); Ery-Derm (Abbott); Erymax (Merz); Ery-Tab (Abbott); Erythromid (Abbott); ERYC (Warner-Chilcott); Erycen (APS); Erycin (Nycomed); Erycinum (Cytochemia); Ermysin (Orion); Gallimycin (Bimeda); Ilotycin (Lilly); Inderm (Dermapharm); PCE (Abbott); Retcin (DDSA); Staticin (Westwood); Stiemycin (Stiefel)
Molecular Formula: C37H67NO13
Molecular Weight: 733.93
Percent Composition: C 60.55%, H 9.20%, N 1.91%, O 28.34%
Literature References: Antibiotic substance produced by a strain of
Streptomyces erythreus (Waksman) Waksman & Henrici, found in a soil sample from the Philippine Archipelago. Isoln: McGuire
et al., Antibiot. Chemother. 2, 281 (1952); Bunch, McGuire,
US 2653899 (1953 to Lilly); Clark, Jr.,
US 2823203 (1958 to Abbott). Properties: Flynn
et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 3121 (1954). Solubility data: Weiss
et al., Antibiot. Chemother. 7, 374 (1957). Structure: Wiley
et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 6062 (1957). Configuration: Hofheinz, Grisebach,
Ber. 96, 2867 (1963); Harris
et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1965, 679. There are three erythromycins produced during fermentation, designated A, B, and C; A is the major and most important component. Erythromycins A and B contain the same sugar moieties, desosamine,
q.v., and cladinose (3-
O-methylmycarose). They differ in position 12 of the aglycone, erythronolide, A having an hydroxyl substituent. Component C contains desosamine and the same aglycone present in A but differs by the presence of mycarose,
q.v., instead of cladinose. Structure of B: P. F. Wiley
et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 6070 (1957); of C:
eidem, ibid. 6074. Synthesis of the aglycone, erythronolide B: E. J. Corey
et al., ibid. 100, 4618, 4620 (1978); of erythronolide A:
eidem, ibid. 101, 7131 (1979). Asymmetric total synthesis of erythromycin A: R. B. Woodward
et al., ibid. 103, 3215 (1981). NMR spectrum of A: D. J. Ager, C. K. Sood,
Magn. Reson. Chem. 25, 948 (1987). HPLC determn in plasma: W. Xiao
et al.,
J. Chromatogr. B 817, 153 (2005). Biosynthesis: Martin, Goldstein,
Prog. Antimicrob. Anticancer Chemother., Proc. 6th Int. Congr. Chemother. II, 1112 (1970); Martin
et al., Tetrahedron 31, 1985 (1975). Cloning and expression of clustered biosynthetic genes: R. Stanzak
et al., Biotechnology 4, 229 (1986).
Reviews: T. J. Perun in
Drug Action and Drug Resistance in Bacteria 1, S. Mitsuhashi, Ed. (University Park Press, Baltimore, 1977) pp 123-152; Oleinick in
Antibiotics vol. 3, J. W. Corcoran, F. E. Hahn, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1975) pp 396-419;
Infection 10, Suppl. 2, S61-S118 (1982). Comprehensive description: W. L. Koch,
Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. 8, 159-177 (1979).
Properties: Hydrated crystals from water, mp 135-140°, resolidifies with second mp 190-193°. Melting point taken after drying at 56° and 8 mm. [a]D25 -78° (c = 1.99 in ethanol). uv max (pH 6.3): 280 nm (e 50). pKa1 8.8. Basic reaction. Readily forms salts with acids. Soly in water: ~2 mg/ml. Freely sol in alcohols, acetone, chloroform, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate. Moderately sol in ether, ethylene dichloride, amyl acetate.
Melting point: mp 135-140°, resolidifies with second mp 190-193°
pKa: pKa1 8.8
Optical Rotation: [a]D25 -78° (c = 1.99 in ethanol)
Absorption maximum: uv max (pH 6.3): 280 nm (e 50)
Derivative Type: Ethylsuccinate
CAS Registry Number: 41342-53-4
Trademarks: Anamycin (Chephasaar); Arpimycin (Rosemont); E.E.S. (Abbott); Eritrocina (Abbott); Eryliquid (Linden); Eryped (Abbott); Erythroped (Abbott); Esinol (Toyama); Monomycin (Grñenthal); Paediathrocin (Abbott); Pediamycin (Abbott); Refkas (Maruko)
Molecular Formula: C43H75NO16
Molecular Weight: 862.05
Percent Composition: C 59.91%, H 8.77%, N 1.62%, O 29.70%
Literature References: Prepn:
GB 830846; R. K. Clark,
US 2967129 (1960, 1961 both to Abbott).
Properties: Hydrated crystals from acetone + water, mp 109-110°. [a]D -42.5°.
Melting point: mp 109-110°
Optical Rotation: [a]D -42.5°
Therap-Cat: Antibacterial.
Therap-Cat-Vet: Antibacterial.
Keywords: Antibacterial (Antibiotics); Macrolides.
